![]() The olive oil production process consists of different and distinct phases ( Figure 3). Finally, special focus was given to key elements of LCA studies in the olive oil supply chain, such as functional unit, system boundaries, impact categories, calculation method, and software widely used. However, the use of pesticides, fertilizers, water, and fuel for machinery heavily weigh on the farming stage’s environmental impact. The review results reflect the heterogeneity of the production process. The main scholarly literature databases have been exploited, highlighting a great increase in publications, especially from the producer countries. This review aimed to carry out an overview of recent papers (2011–2021) involving an LCA study in the olive oil supply chain by giving a framework of what is included in LCA studies and highlighting the main contributors to environmental impacts. ![]() The mitigation actions’ efficiency should be evaluated through environmental indicators or environmental impact assessment by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Each one of these stages should present critical points for the environmental impacts, and for this reason, the entire sector is adopting mitigation strategies to begin to be more sustainable. The production process involves many stages: farming, extraction, packing, and waste treatment. ![]() Olive oil is one of the most globally recognized high-value products, with 4 million hectares cultivated in the Mediterranean area.
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